What must Joseph have thought when he saw the fulfillment of his dream as his brothers bowed down before him?

What is the significance of Reuben offering both his sons as “hostage” in the situation concerning the return of Benjamin? Why offer his sons, why did he not offer himself? If Reuben's sons were killed, then Reuben would suffer as Jacob suffered at the loss of Benjamin and Joseph.

Judah presents himself as a protector of Benjamin. It is the beginning of the alliance with Judah and Benjamin as they will later be known as the Jews.

Later, Judah’s character surfaces once again as he offers himself in place of Benjamin (a foreshadowing of Jesus’ offer). His willingness to defend Benjamin, to honor his father, and be willing to substitute himself is another reason the line of the Messiah comes through Judah.